SCOTUS Upholds 2022 NC Supreme Court Decision in Moore v. Harper, Rejects Independent State Legislature Theory
News
June 27, 2023
The US Supreme Court today delivered a “complete victory” to our clients and affirmed the 2022 decision of the North Carolina Supreme Court in Moore v. Harper, a consolidation of three cases stemming from North Carolina’s redistricting process.
We are proud to have successfully represented the North Carolina League of Conservation Voters (NCLCV) and 15 North Carolina citizens in securing a 2022 ruling from the North Carolina Supreme Court that the state constitution prohibits partisan gerrymandering. As a result of that ruling, North Carolina voters in the 2022 congressional elections voted in fair districts rather than egregiously gerrymandered ones.
But in Moore v. Harper, North Carolina legislative leaders took the case to the US Supreme Court, arguing that they are not bound by their state constitution when making the rules for congressional elections.
Partners Jessie Amunson and Sam Hirsch and former Partner Zach Schauf led the case for the NCLCV et al., and in their joint Supreme Court brief with co-respondents Common Cause and Rebecca Harper, et al., laid bare the flaws in the legislators’ “independent state legislature theory” approach:
It is rare to encounter a constitutional theory so antithetical to the Constitution’s text and structure, so inconsistent with the Constitution’s original meaning, so disdainful of this Court’s precedent, and so potentially damaging for American democracy.
Moore v. Harper, Supreme Court Brief No. 21-1271
The US Supreme Court’s decision, written by Chief Justice Roberts, agreed with our clients and rejected the “independent state legislature” theory. Tracking the arguments made in our brief, the Court’s opinion stated that the elections clause “does not insulate state legislatures from the ordinary exercise of state judicial review,” and that “a state legislature may not create congressional districts independently of requirements imposed ‘by the state constitution with respect to the enactment of laws.’”
Furthermore, “when a state legislature carries out its federal constitutional power to prescribe rules regulating federal elections, it acts both as a lawmaking body created and bound by its state constitution, and as the entity assigned particular authority by the Federal Constitution. Both constitutions restrain the state legislature’s exercise of power.”
This landmark decision rejects the controversial “independent state legislature theory” that would have given state legislatures unprecedented power in drawing gerrymandered congressional districts and would have stripped state courts of the oversight role granted to them in state constitutions.
In a statement, Jessie and Sam said, “We are pleased the Court ruled in our clients’ favor and thoroughly rejected the radical independent state legislature theory pressed by petitioners. This ruling is a complete victory for our democratic system and makes clear that state legislatures cannot ignore or defy state law when regulating federal elections.”
Jessie' remarks on the case at a post-argument press conference on the steps of the Supreme Court can be heard here. She and Sam were assisted in the US Supreme Court case by Partner David Bradford; former Partner Zach Schauf; Associates Leonard Powell, Illyana Green, Sophia Cai, and Benjamin Hand; and former Associates Karthik Reddy, Urja Mittal, and Carter Smith.
Members of the team who helped litigate the case in the North Carolina courts also included Partners Kali Bracey, Benjamin Bradford, Alex Trepp, and David Greenwald and Associate Mary Marshall. Senior paralegal Cheryl Olson and Paralegals Thomas Scholtus and Adam Weidman also assisted. Others in the firm provided important assistance, including Partners Robert Stauffer and David Sanders; former Partner David Jimenez-Ekman; Associates Brandon Polcik, Huiyi Chen, and Allison Tjemsland; Department Counsel Adam M. Caldwell; Senior Paralegals Daniel Garcia and Theresa Busch; and Paralegals Grace Liberman and Sam Rosen.
Related Attorneys
Related Capabilities
Related Locations
© 2026 Jenner & Block LLP. Attorney Advertising. Jenner & Block LLP is an Illinois Limited Liability Partnership including professional corporations. This publication, presentation, or event is not intended to provide legal advice but to provide information on legal matters and/or firm news of interest to our clients and colleagues. Readers or attendees should seek specific legal advice before taking any action with respect to matters mentioned in this publication or at this event. The attorney responsible for this communication is Brent E. Kidwell, Jenner & Block LLP, 353 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60654-3456. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Jenner & Block London LLP, an affiliate of Jenner & Block LLP, is a limited liability partnership established under the laws of the State of Delaware, USA and is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority with SRA number 615729. Information regarding the data we collect and the rights you have over your data can be found in our Privacy Notice. For further inquiries, please contact dataprotection@jenner.com.
News
June 27, 2023
The US Supreme Court today delivered a “complete victory” to our clients and affirmed the 2022 decision of the North Carolina Supreme Court in Moore v. Harper, a consolidation of three cases stemming from North Carolina’s redistricting process.
We are proud to have successfully represented the North Carolina League of Conservation Voters (NCLCV) and 15 North Carolina citizens in securing a 2022 ruling from the North Carolina Supreme Court that the state constitution prohibits partisan gerrymandering. As a result of that ruling, North Carolina voters in the 2022 congressional elections voted in fair districts rather than egregiously gerrymandered ones.
But in Moore v. Harper, North Carolina legislative leaders took the case to the US Supreme Court, arguing that they are not bound by their state constitution when making the rules for congressional elections.
Partners Jessie Amunson and Sam Hirsch and former Partner Zach Schauf led the case for the NCLCV et al., and in their joint Supreme Court brief with co-respondents Common Cause and Rebecca Harper, et al., laid bare the flaws in the legislators’ “independent state legislature theory” approach:
It is rare to encounter a constitutional theory so antithetical to the Constitution’s text and structure, so inconsistent with the Constitution’s original meaning, so disdainful of this Court’s precedent, and so potentially damaging for American democracy.
Moore v. Harper, Supreme Court Brief No. 21-1271
The US Supreme Court’s decision, written by Chief Justice Roberts, agreed with our clients and rejected the “independent state legislature” theory. Tracking the arguments made in our brief, the Court’s opinion stated that the elections clause “does not insulate state legislatures from the ordinary exercise of state judicial review,” and that “a state legislature may not create congressional districts independently of requirements imposed ‘by the state constitution with respect to the enactment of laws.’”
Furthermore, “when a state legislature carries out its federal constitutional power to prescribe rules regulating federal elections, it acts both as a lawmaking body created and bound by its state constitution, and as the entity assigned particular authority by the Federal Constitution. Both constitutions restrain the state legislature’s exercise of power.”
This landmark decision rejects the controversial “independent state legislature theory” that would have given state legislatures unprecedented power in drawing gerrymandered congressional districts and would have stripped state courts of the oversight role granted to them in state constitutions.
In a statement, Jessie and Sam said, “We are pleased the Court ruled in our clients’ favor and thoroughly rejected the radical independent state legislature theory pressed by petitioners. This ruling is a complete victory for our democratic system and makes clear that state legislatures cannot ignore or defy state law when regulating federal elections.”
Jessie' remarks on the case at a post-argument press conference on the steps of the Supreme Court can be heard here. She and Sam were assisted in the US Supreme Court case by Partner David Bradford; former Partner Zach Schauf; Associates Leonard Powell, Illyana Green, Sophia Cai, and Benjamin Hand; and former Associates Karthik Reddy, Urja Mittal, and Carter Smith.
Members of the team who helped litigate the case in the North Carolina courts also included Partners Kali Bracey, Benjamin Bradford, Alex Trepp, and David Greenwald and Associate Mary Marshall. Senior paralegal Cheryl Olson and Paralegals Thomas Scholtus and Adam Weidman also assisted. Others in the firm provided important assistance, including Partners Robert Stauffer and David Sanders; former Partner David Jimenez-Ekman; Associates Brandon Polcik, Huiyi Chen, and Allison Tjemsland; Department Counsel Adam M. Caldwell; Senior Paralegals Daniel Garcia and Theresa Busch; and Paralegals Grace Liberman and Sam Rosen.
Related Attorneys
Related Capabilities
Related Locations
© 2026 Jenner & Block LLP. Attorney Advertising. Jenner & Block LLP is an Illinois Limited Liability Partnership including professional corporations. This publication, presentation, or event is not intended to provide legal advice but to provide information on legal matters and/or firm news of interest to our clients and colleagues. Readers or attendees should seek specific legal advice before taking any action with respect to matters mentioned in this publication or at this event. The attorney responsible for this communication is Brent E. Kidwell, Jenner & Block LLP, 353 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60654-3456. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Jenner & Block London LLP, an affiliate of Jenner & Block LLP, is a limited liability partnership established under the laws of the State of Delaware, USA and is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority with SRA number 615729. Information regarding the data we collect and the rights you have over your data can be found in our Privacy Notice. For further inquiries, please contact dataprotection@jenner.com.
News and Insights
Event
Associate Steven Arango to Speak at the Veterans' Legal Career Fair
On September 18, Associate Steven Arango will speak on a panel at the Veterans' Legal Career Fair (VLCF), the only legal career fair in the United States dedicated to veterans, active-duty service members, and military spouses.
September 18, 2026
Publications
In American Banker, Partner Laurel Loomis Rimon Weighs in on OCC's Handling of Fintech Bank Charter Applications
Partner Laurel Loomis Rimon spoke with American Banker about how the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is approaching bank charter applications from fintechs, amid a growing wave of companies seeking charters from federal regulators.
August 18, 2026
Event
Partner David Greenwald to Speak at PLI Program on Privilege and AI
On August 17, David Greenwald will speak at "Fitting New “Tech” Into the Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product Protection," a virtual program hosted by the Practising Law Institute (PLI).
August 17, 2026
Publications
Special Counsel Kimberly Cook Featured in FCBA Member Spotlight
The Federal Communications Bar Association (FCBA) featured Kimberly Cook in its Member Spotlight series.
August 13, 2026
Recognition
Three Jenner & Block Partners Named to Crain's New York Business' 2026 Notable Leaders in Accounting, Consulting & Law List
Crain's New York Business recognized Jenner & Block Partners Anthony Barkow, Alison Stein, and Damian Williams among its 2026 Notable Leaders in Accounting, Consulting & Law.
August 10, 2026