2023年9月21日、連邦取引委員会（FTC）は、労働者保護の取り組みを更に推進するため、労働省（DOL）と新たな基本合意（MOU）に達したことを発表した。FTCのプレスリリースによれば、MOUにおいて、FTCとDOLが、労働者市場の集中、一方的な契約条件、浸透しつつある「gig economy」にどのように対応していくのかという点が規定されたとのことである。このパートナーシップは、米国労働市場の競争を促し、労働者の弊害となる不公平かつ不当な慣行を撤廃することを目指すものである。
この合意によって、FTCとDOLは、情報の共有、双方の職員に対する研修の実施、調査や強制執行における提携が可能になる。MOUにおいては、両省庁が相互に関心を有する分野として、例えば、以下の分野が規定されている。
- 談合行為
- 従業員の誤分類といった、法的責任を回避するためのビジネスモデル
- 業務関係の収益や費用に関する違法請求や違法開示
- 一方的かつ制限的な契約条項
- 労働者市場の集中
- アルゴリズムによる意思決定が労働者に与える影響
Footnotes
[1] Press Release, Federal Trade Commission, FTC, Department of Labor Partner to Protect Workers from Anticompetitive, Unfair, and Deceptive Practices (Sept. 21, 2023) [hereinafter “D.O.L. Press Release”].
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4]Memorandum of Understanding Between the U.S. Department of Labor and the Federal Trade Commission, F.T.C. & D.O.L. (Aug. 30, 2023), at 1 [hereinafter “F.T.C.-D.O.L. Memorandum of Understanding”].
[5] Id. at 2.
[6] Id. at 3.
[7] Id.
[8] Memorandum of Understanding Between the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Regarding Information Sharing, Cross-Agency Training, and Outreach in Areas of Common Regulatory Interest, F.T.C. & N.L.R.B. (July 19, 2022) [hereinafter F.T.C.-N.L.R.B. Memorandum of Understanding].
[9] Press Release, Federal Trade Commission, National Labor Relations Board Forge New Partnership to Protect Workers from Anticompetitive, Unfair, and Deceptive Practices (July 19, 2022) [hereinafter “N.L.R.B. Press Release”].
[10] F.T.C.-N.L.R.B. Memorandum of Understanding, supra note viii, at 1; F.T.C.-D.O.L. Memorandum of Understanding, supra note iv, at 3.
[11] F.T.C.-D.O.L. Memorandum of Understanding, supra note iv, at 3.
[12] N.L.R.B. Press Release, supra note ix.
[13] D.O.L. Press Release, supra note i; see also Press Release, Federal Trade Commission, FTC Proposes Rule to Ban Noncompete Clauses, Which Hurt Workers and Harm Competition (Jan. 5, 2023).
[14] Press Release, Federal Trade Commission, FTC to Crack Down on Companies Taking Advantage of Gig Workers (Sept. 15, 2022).
[15] Id.
[16] D.O.L. Press Release, supra note i.
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